Australian Lawn and Turf Weed Identification Chart.

Use this Australian weed identification chart to identify lawn and turf weeds by photo. Compare weed pictures, names, and growth habit to confirm species and choose the correct control.

 

How to identify lawn weeds from pictures in Australia.

This chart focuses on visual identification using photos, leaf shape, growth habit, and seed heads.

This lawn weed identification chart is for Australian conditions. It helps you recognise common broadleaf and grassy weeds, and sedges found in turf by using images and visible traits.

Use the chart to match leaf shape, growth habit, and seed heads before you move onto control.

NSW | Queensland | Victoria

 

Many Australian lawn weeds look similar at early stages, so if you use multiple characteristics it improves accuracy.

There are six important things to consider with lawn weed identification.

  • Correct ID reduces the need to spray.
  • Weeds are often indicators of underlying problems.
  • A weed’s lifecycle plays a big role in its control.
  • Weeds are either grass (monocots) or broadleaf (dicots). A useful rule is that grass weeds have one seedling leaf, and broadleaf weeds have two leaves.
  • Broadleaf herbicides do not control grass weeds.
  • If your turf is thick and healthy, weeds find it hard to establish and compete.
  • How a weed grows gives a good idea on whether it comes from a seed, rhizome or other below ground structure. The best way to check this is to dig up the young weed.
  • If it’s easy to dig up, and has a few fine roots it is likely to be an annual seedling. If it’s hard to dig up or has a rhizome it’s likely to be a perennial weed.
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The Weed ID Chart.

The weed ID Chart enables you to identify weeds by photo. Questions you should ask when you start to ID a weed by photo include:

  • What do the leaf shape, veins or leaf edges look like?

  • Are there prickles, spines or thorns?

  • Are hairs present. If there are where are they?

  • What is the leaf structure and size?

  • How are the leaves arranged on a stem?

  • What is the colour or size of the leaves and flowers?

  • How are the flowers or clusters of flowers arranged?

  • Is there any milk or sap when you cut the stem or leaves?

  • Does it smell if you cut or crush it?
  • Is it an annual, biennial or perennial?

  • Does the weed have a large tap root,

  • Does it have rhizomes or stolons?

  • Is there a leaf sheath, and what does a cross section of the stem look like?

  • Does it grow along the ground or is it upright?

  • What is the size, shape, structure, and colour of any seeds.

  • Are there many branches, and how are these arranged on the main stem

 

Online weed resources.

The sites below will help if you still cannot identify the weed from our Weed ID Chart.

Web Sites.

Hornsby Council in Sydney is a great resource for weed ID.

Ground Covers

Some Weed removal Techniques.

Weed Glossary

Australian Government Weeds ID Tool. You can look up weeds by name, place, growth habit and flower colour.

PlantNET.

Brisbane Weeds.

Grass ID

The Corroboree

Iphone apps.

Leafly

NSW Weed Wise

Picture This

Plant Net

Weed Scan

 

 

 

Weed identification pictures for Australian lawns

These weed identification pictures show common lawn and turf weeds in Australia to help you identify species by visual features.

 

Broadleaf Weeds.

 

Grass Weeds.

Identification of Grass Weeds.

Grass Weed Identification

Weed Grass

Life Cycle

Soil Germination temperature Β°C

Auricle

Hairs on Leaf

Ligules

Stolons or Rhizomes

Barnyard Grass

Summer annual

5-40

No

No

No

Seeds and rhizomes

Crowsfoot

Summer annual

15-18

No

Sometimes

Membranous and divided in the center

No. Spreads by seeds.

Foxtail

Summer annual

Around 25

No

Sometimes

Hairy

No. Spreads by seeds

Guildford Grass

Perennial

10-11

Yes. Small

Hairs.

No

Tubers and seed

Mossman River Grass

Summer annual

11-23

No

On leaf margins

Yes with a fringe of hairs

No. Spreads by seeds

Parramatta Grass

Perennial

15-35

Tuft of hairs

No

Short fringe of hairs, 0.2-0.5 mm long.

Tussock. Spreads by seeds

Paspalum

Perennial

18-24

No

No

Membranous, 2-4 mm long

Both. Seeds

Summergrass

Summer annual

13-15

No

Yes

Yes

Stolons and seed

Winter Grass

Winter annual

10-16

No

No

Thinly membranous, 1-5 mm long.Β 

Seed

Sedges.

 

Lawn weed identification by state.

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NSW lawn weeds.

NSW lawns commonly experience a mix of cool-season and warm-season weed pressure. Broadleaf weeds such as bindii and cudweed are common in winter, while summer brings species like summer grass and spurge. Identification should consider seasonal timing and turf species.

Queensland lawn weeds.

Queensland conditions favour warm-season weeds year-round. Caltrop, summer grass, and sedges are more persistent due to higher temperatures and longer growing seasons. Identification often requires distinguishing between similar grassy weeds.

Victoria lawn weeds.

Victoria lawns typically experience strong winter weed pressure, including broadleaf weeds such as chickweed and plantain. Summer weeds occur but are generally less dominant than in northern states. Identification is often easier during active growth periods.

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FAQ

Where can I find free independent advice on weeds?

When requiring support or guidance on managing weeds, you might can reach out to various organizations that specialize in this field. Typically, you can find resources offered by government bodies, industry experts, research institutions, and community-based groups who deal with complex weed management issues. A useful strategy is to look at dedicated online platforms or websites that compile contact information and links to these organizations. Many of these sites include a β€˜connect’ section or similar directory where you can directly find tailored assistance.

If I can’t ID a weed with an online key what should I do?

If you are struggling to identify a weed using the online key, first revisit your selections in the Features Chosen panel to ensure they are correct. If you are still unsure about the weed’s identity after reviewing the selections, consider reaching out for additional assistance. You can contact your local weedsΒ officer, consult a herbarium, or seek guidance through a plant identification Facebook group or the iNaturalist platform. For contact details and useful links, refer to the Connect section of the online key. This approach will help you with expert advice and possibly confirm the identity of the plant you are examining.

What should I do if after I ID a weed and there is no chemical control?

Unfortunately in some cases weed ID leads to weeds where chemical options are limited at best. In these cases feel free to contact us and we can discuss alternative control options.

Are there ways to ID weeds, such as Facebook groups like Plant ID Australia?

You have several options to identify weeds. For instance, you can use social media platforms where there are weed specific groups. Otherwise, community-based science apps offer resources where people come together to help identify various plant species based on the photos you upload.

How can I confirm the ID of a weed once I have made an initial ID?

Your page answers the question β€œHow can I confirm the identification of a weed once I have made a preliminary identification?” by stating:

β€œA weed is only a weed if it’s a plant where you don’t want it. Also, if you don’t know what it is, how can you control it properly? So use this Australian weed identification chart carefully. Once you have made a preliminary identification using the chart, cross-reference the information and images provided with the plant you are investigating to ensure accuracy. If your findings align but you’re still uncertain, it might be wise to double-check the features you have selected. Should doubts persist, reaching out to local experts like a weedsΒ officer or participating in plant identification groups online can provide further insights. Additionally, if there’s a chance you’ve identified a high priority weed, such as prohibited matter, it’s important to notify the relevant authority immediately. For contact details and additional resources, refer to the Report and Connect sections provided in our guide.”

What is the best way to manage weeds in lawns?

The best way is to stop them growing in the first place. A healthy, thick and dense grass cover will stop weeds growing. Weeds are great opportunists so if the grass is weak and struggling to grow, there are thin patches or the soil is compact weeds will grow.Β 

If weeds still continue to be a problem then the using pre emergent herbicides is worth considering. These work by stopping weed seedlings from developing and vary in longevity from 10 weeks to 8 months. So basically you can apply once and have no weed issues for this length of time.Β 

Remember though, that you need to know what the weed is that you are trying to control as not all pre emergents work as well against all weeds.

Why is weed control important?

In agriculture weeds are a major problem as they dramatically reduce yields. In a turf situation we generally don’t deal in yield but weeds will limit turf growth by taking valuable nutrients and water away from the grass.

Weed control in couch lawns

The simplest way of controlling weeds is too hand pull them.Β However, in some cases weeds can be too widespread too effectively hand weed. Then I guess it depends if your trying to control grass or broadleaf weeds.
If the couch goes dormant (totally browns out over winter) then you can simply apply glyphosate and it will kill all the weeds no matter if grass or broadleaf. Adding a spray buffer or an appropriate spray adjuvant will guarantee the best possible results.
If your wanting to control weeds in couch when it’s growing then use a broadleaf post emergent herbicide is the way to go. If you want to stop them from becoming a problem use a pre emergent herbicide.

What can I use to kill weeds in my lawn without killing the grass?

The first option is too hand weed by simply pulling out the weeds. However, be aware that this can actually cause the problem to worsen I.e. nutgrass.
If the weed infestation is widespread then consider using a selective herbicide. Which one will depend on whether they are grass or broadleaf weeds and which particular weed.
Jerry Spencer senior turf agronomist and soil scientist
Jerry Spencer
Senior Turf Agronomist at  | 0499975819 | [email protected] | Website |  + posts

Jerry has an Hons Degree in Soil Science (1988) from Newcastle Upon Tyne University. He then worked as a turf agronomist for the Sports Turf Research Institute (STRI) until 1993.

He gained a Grad Dip in Business Management from UTS in 1999. He has held a number of technical roles for companies such as Arthur Yates (Commercial Technical Manager) and Paton Fertilizers (Organic, turf specialty and controlled release fertiliser) portfolios.

In 2013 he established Gilba Solutions as independent sports turf consultants and turf agronomists. Jerry has written over 100 articles and two books on a wide range of topics such as Turf Pesticides and turfgrass Nutrition which have been published in Australia and overseas.