Carrot weed is also known as annual buttonweed, cotula, or cotula australia
Distribution of carrot weed, cotula, cotula australia, buttonweed in australia

Carrot Weed (Cotula australis)

Carrot Weed (Cotula australis), is also known as Common cotula or Annual buttonweed. It is a low-growing Winter annual that is native to Australia and New Zealand.
 
 
It is easy to identify as it has divided, carrot-like leaves, and small, pale-yellow or cream flowers on slender stalks.
 
 
 
 
 
Carrot Weed is found in large parts of Southern and Eastern Australia.
 
 
 
 
Thanks to The Atlas of Living Australia for the distribution map of Cotula.
 
 
 
 

After you read this, you will be able to:

  • Identify Cotula or Annual Buttonweed.
  • Know what conditions favour Annual Buttonweed.
  • Know the best options to control Carrot Weed (Cotula australis).

 

Why is Carrot Weed a Problem Weed?

  • It is very competitive. It quickly establishes in disturbed areas, and outcompetes other plants.
  • Cotula australis is very unsightly in lawns and gardens.
  • Because of its rapid growth and large number of seeds it is difficult to control.

 

Table Showing Differences Between Common Weeds With Carrot Shaped Leaves.

Weed

Roots

Flowers

Smell when crush

Spiny Burrs

Carrot Weed

Weak taproot

Pale Yellow with no petals

No

No

Bindii

Fibrous

Green

No

Yes

Swinecress

Strong taproot

Green

Yes

No

 

  • Cotula is often mistaken for Bindii and Swinecress because of its divided (carrot-like) hairy leaves.
  • Swinecress has a skunk-like smell whilst Buttonweed has no odour.
  • Annual Buttonweed produces pale yellow flowers on the end of stalks in early Winter. Bindii flowers much later, and the flowers have no flower stalks.

 

Carrot Weed Lifecycle.

  • Germinates in the Spring or Autumn.
  • Grows rapidly.
  • Flowers in the late Winter to Spring.
  • Dies back over the Summer.

 

Over the Autumn and the Spring, the seed germinates and then quickly grows. Then over the late Winter through to the Spring, it produces slender stems, and then flowers. The flower heads are button-like and yellow or white with no ‘petals’.

As the Summer closes in, the annual plants usually die. If they are perennials it is just the top growth that dies away.

 

How to Identify Carrot weed.

Buttonweed is a prostrate, low-growing weed, that can grow up to 12 cm tall.
 
Category: Carrot Weed is a Broadleaf (Dicot) weed.
 
 
 
Photosynthetic Pathway: Cotula is a C3 Weed.
 
 
 
Flower: The white to yellow green flowers are 4 to 5 mm diameter, and on slender stalks.
 
 
 
Height: Cotula is up to 12 cm in height.
 
 
 
Leaf length: The leaves of Annual Buttonweed are 1 to 2 cm long.
 
 
 
Leaf width: The leaves are 7 to 10 mm wide.
 
 
 
Reproduction: Carrot Weed only reproduces by seed. However, it can spread by rooting at the stem nodes.
 
 
 
Comments: The leaves have a cover of soft, long hairs. 
 
 
 
Habitat: Cotula australis is an indicator weed of moist and shady soils. It is a common weed of lawns, playing fields and roadside areas.
 
 
 
More information on lawn and turf weeds is in our weed ID chart.
 
 

How to Control Carrot Weed?

Cultural and chemical options control Cotula or Annual Buttonweed.

Management Calendar for Carrot Weed or Cotula.

Management Calendar for Carrot Weed or Cotula

Annual or Perennial

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Germination



Flowering


Dies Off

Pre emergent Herbicide

Post emergent Herbicide

 

Cultural Control of Carrot Weed.

  • If Bachelor’s Button isn’t a major problem, you can remove it by hand. However, you must remove the entire root system to prevent any re-growth.
  • Cotula favours damp, moist soils. So deal with any drainage issues and don’t over water.
  • If the soil is compact, carry out a soil aeration program. This allows air exchange, and helps excess water move out of the rootzone.
  • Feed your turf and use the right turf fertilizer. A thick turf cover makes it difficult for Cotula to compete as the turf grass chokes it out.
  • Make sure that you mow at the right height, as this helps favour turf grass over this weed.
 
 

Chemical Control of Carrot Weed.

Annual Buttonweed or Cotula spreads by seeds, so focus on treatment before it seeds.
 
 
 
 

Pre-Emergent Control of Carrot Weed.

  • Envu Esplanade is registered in Australia for Buttonweed, and Envu Specticle has a label for this weed in the US.
  • In the USA, Isoxaben is recommended prior to germination. After you apply, water it in with 12 mm of irrigation.

 

Post Emergent Control of Carrot Weed

There are several selective weed killers for Cotula. The following all work well against this weed.

 

Table of Post Emergents for Carrot Weed.

 

Product

Active

Chemical Group

Rate/Ha

Comments

Casper

Prosulfuron + Dicamba

2 and 4

800g-1Kg

Apply from Autumn to Spring. Use high rates in cool months or if high weed pressure. Control takes 4 to 6 weeks. Use an NIS at a rate of 0.25 to 0.5% v/v.

2,4-D

2,4-D

4

1.8-3.2

Wet foliage thoroughly. DO NOT mow lawn for 1 week before and at least 1 weed after application. DO NOT use on Buffalo grass (WA only).

Duke

Iodosulfuron

2

100g

Always use an NIS or Overtake Oil. Use in 200-500 L/ha water.

Dicamba

Dicamba

4

1.2L + 3.2L of 2,4-D Amine 625g/L

Use a minimum of 1000L/Ha water. Do not spray on Buffalo or Bent Grass.

Warhead

MCPA + Clopyralid + Diflufenican

4 + 12

5 L

You may see discolouration on kikuyu, carpet grass and Queensland blue. Avoid overlapping. Use an NIS.

 
 
 

Non Selective Control of Carrot Weed.

Non selective options for Carrot Weed include Glyphosate (Rapid Fire 800).

If you use Glyphosate and water quality is an issue then we recommend the use of ProForce Manta Ray.

 

Table of Non Selective Cotula or Carrot Weed Herbicides.

Product

Active

Chemical Group

Rate/Ha

Glufosinate 200

Glufosinate-ammonium

10

1-6L

Rapid Fire 800

Glyphosate

9

0.9-1.35 Kg

Numchuk Quad

Terbuthylazine + Glyphosate + Amitrole Oxyfluorfen

5 + 9 + 34 + 14

20-25L

Cortex Duo

Nonanoic Acid + Oxyfluorfen

14

7L/1000L

Renegade

Bromacil

5

3.5-6.5Kg

 

In Conclusion.

A native weed, Carrot Weed favours moist soils. The first step to manage this weed is to identify any drainage issues. The second step, before you apply any weed killer, is to maintain a healthy turf surface.